… There are only significant differences for poor women who completed four or more prenatal
care visits (with a larger utilization rate in the treatment group) and current use of family …

… to improve equity in health services use – by reaching out to … that, in Rwanda, “PBF is not
inherently pro-poor.” This … (the most vulnerable, pregnant women, and children under 5 years …

… maternal health service utilization and defined equity as equal … service use and need, 14
measured in terms of a woman’s … to attract or reach out to the ultra-poor. This applied only to …

… PBF involves a package of interventions centered around providing monetary incentives
for achieving targeted indicators for health service utilization, quality, and/or outcomes. …

… PBF equity instruments include the following elements: (i) paying providers more to reach
out to poor women; (ii) selecting services … In Rwanda, PBF implementation indicates a pro-rich …

… A study by Gertler and Vermeersch [Citation12] in Rwanda … and poor quality of health services,
including maternal health … the use of maternal health services in women aged between 15 …

… -funds, health insurance subsidies for the poor, … , analysis of PBF showed in Rwanda that
it improved efficiency rather than equity for most health services in those easier to reach rather …

… : Poor quality and low utilization of healthcare services … , essential health services for the
poorest women and children in … supported and organized study tours to Rwanda for highlevel …

… service delivery to international NGOs. In Tanzania, the pressure on the government to reach
… to the needs of poor people and the inability of the Rwandan PBF set-up to respond to this. …

… For example, in Rwanda, increases in the proportion of women who had skilled birth delivery
… In Rwanda, PBF was found to be less effective in reaching the poor and favored the rich on …